ICG - International Center for Geohazards

ICG was established in 2002 with 10-year funding from The Research Council of Norway. NGI was the leading institution, and the research consortium also consisted of the Institute for Geosciences at the University of Oslo (UiO), The Geotechnical Group at NTNU, the NGU (Geological Survey of Norway), and NORSAR. 

ICG's research focused on assessing, preventing, and mitigating geohazards, including landslides in soil and rock due to rainfall, flooding, earthquakes, human intervention, and geological risks in deep waters. The new knowledge saves lives and reduces damage due to geological hazards.

In addition, the training and education of researchers and specialists were one of the significant objectives of ICG. To meet this objective, ICG initiated graduate programs (MSc and Ph.D.) in geohazards within the faculties of Geology at UiO and Civil engineering at NTNU.

After the 10-year funding period, ICG concluded its initial assignment in 2012. The ICG consortium still takes on assignments upon request, and the partners have agreed to continue collaborating on geohazards research on a project-by-project basis.

You can read more about the research results in the Sub-Projects - SP 2-13 (see links above). SP 1 was devoted to project administration.

Organization

Managing Director NGI: Lars Andresen

Board of Directors

• Kaare Høeg (NGI), Chairman
• Øystein Nordgulen (NGU)
• Steinar Nordal (NTNU)
• Andreas Kääb (UiO)
• Anders Dahle (NORSAR)
• Tor Inge Tjelta (Statoil)
• Brigt Samdal(NVE)
• Herbert Einstein (MIT)

Management

• Prof. Farrokh Nadim, Director, farrokh.nadim@ngi.no
• Bjørn Kalsnes, Deputy Director, bjorn.kalsnes@ngi.no
• Tini van der Harst, Administrative Assistant
• Prof. Kaare Høeg, Technical Adviser

International Scientific Advisors

• Prof. Gholamreza Mesri (University of Illinois)
• Prof. Steven Kramer (University of Washington)
• Prof. Kok-Kwang Phoon (National University of Singapore)

Project Managers

• Unni Eidsvig (NGI), unni.eidsvig@ngi.no
• Prof. Hilmar Bungum (NORSAR), Hilmar.Bungum@norsar.no
• Dr. Reginald Hermanns (NGU), Reginald.Hermanns@ngu.no
• Bjørn Kalsnes (NGI), bjorn.kalsnes@ngi.no
• Dr. Maarten Vanneste (NGI), maarten.vanneste@ngi.no
• Prof. Andreas Kääb (UiO), kaeaeb@geo.uio.no
• Dr. Carl Harbitz (NGI), carl.bonnevie.harbitz@ngi.no
• Prof. Steinar Nordal (NTNU), steinar.nordal@ntnu.no

Theme Coordinators

• Dr. Isabelle Lecomte (NORSAR), Isabelle@norsar.no
• Prof. Farrokh Nadim (NGI), farrokh.nadim@ngi.no

Partners

NGI - Norwegian Geotechnical Institute is a leading international center for research and consulting within the geosciences. NGI develops optimum solutions for society and offers expertise on the behavior of soil, rock, and snow and their interaction with the natural and built environment. NGI works within the oil, gas and energy, building and construction, transportation, natural hazards, and environment sectors.

The Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) is Norway's primary institution for educating the nation's future engineers and scientists. The university also has vital programs in the social sciences, teacher education, the arts and humanities, medicine, architecture, and fine arts. NTNU's cross-disciplinary research delivers creative innovations with far-reaching social and economic impact.

The University of Oslo (UiO) was founded in 1811 and is Norway's leading institution of higher education. Today the University has almost 30,000 students and a staff of 5,600. In 2011 students will be able to participate in a wide range of celebrations for the University's 200th anniversary.

The Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) is the country's central institute for collecting, processing, and distributing information on the bedrock geology, superficial deposits, mineral resources, and groundwater of mainland Norway. NGU is a government agency under the administration of the Ministry of Trade and Industry.

NORSAR is an internationally recognized, independent research foundation in geoscience, providing advanced, innovative products and solutions to demanding customers in the public and private sectors. NORSAR has its headquarters at Kjeller, with a branch office for seismic modeling in Bergen.

The Research Council of Norway is Norway's official body for developing and implementing national research strategy. The Council is responsible for enhancing Norway's knowledge base and promoting basic and applied research and innovation to help meet research needs within society. The Research Council also works actively to encourage international research Cooperation.

Below is an overview of papers, presentations, reports, etc., produced within the sub-projects of ICG.

Vulnerability and risk assessment

See presentations under Dissemination on risk assessment

Earthquake hazard, risk, and loss

Papers with referee system

1. Bungum, H. (2007): Numerical modeling of fault activities. Computers & Geosciences 33: 808-820.
2. Molina S. and Lindholm, C. (2007): Estimation of the confidence of earthquake damage scenarios: examples from a logic tree approach. Journal of Seismology 11(3): 399-310.
3. Lang, D.H., Molina, S., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008): Towards near-real-time damage estimation using a CSM-based tool for seismic risk assessment. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 12(S2), 199-210.
4. Prasad, J.S.R., Singh, Y., Kaynia, A.M., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008): Socio-Economic Clustering in Seismic Risk Assessment of Urban Housing Stock. Earthquake Spectra, accepted.

Other reviewed publications

1. Lang, D.H., R. Merlos, L. Holliday, and M. Lopez (2007): Vivienda de Bahareque in El Salvador. EERI World Housing Encyclopedia. Paper #141.
2. Lang, D.H., O. Flores, and L. Holliday (2007): Vivienda de adobe in Guatemala. EERI World Housing Encyclopedia. Paper #144.
3. Lang, D.H., A. Amador, L. Holliday, C. Romero, and A. Ugarte (2007): Vivienda de Minifalda in Nicaragua. EERI World Housing Encyclopedia. Paper #148.
4. Rautela, P., Joshi, G.Ch., Singh, Y. and Lang, D.H. (2008). Koti Banal Architecture of Uttarakhand, India. EERI World Housing Encyclopedia. Paper #150.

Papers in proceedings

1. Schwarz, J., Lang, D.H., Abrahamczyk, L., Bolleter, W., Savary, C., Bikce, M., Genes, M.C., and Kacin, S. (2007): Seismische Bauwerksinstrumentierung von mehrgeschossigen Stahlbeton-bauwerken - Ein Beitrag zum SERAMAR Projekt. D-A-CH Tagung Vienna/Austria, Sept. 2007.
2. Abrahamczyk, L., Schwarz, J., Lang, D.H., Leipold, M., Genes, M.C., Bikce, M. and Kacin, S. (2008). Building monitoring for seismic risk assessment (I): Instrumentation of RC frame structures as a part of the SERAMAR project, 14th World Conf. on Earthq. Eng. WCEE, Beijing/China, 2008.
3. Schwarz, J., Lang, D.H., Kaufmann, C., and Ende, C. (2007): Empirical ground-motion relations for Californian strong-motion data based on instrumental subsoil classification. Proceedings of the Ninth Canadian Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 2007.
4. Schwarz, J., Langhammer, T., Leipold, M., Abrahamczyk, Kaufmann, Ch., Lang, D.H., and Riedel, S. (2008): Bewertung der Erdbebenverletzbarkeit eines Gebaeudebestandes in innerstaedtischen Grossraeumen - Phase 1 des SERAMAR Projektes. D-A-CH Mitteilungsblatt, Band 83, Sept. 2008, S2-S10.
5. Sigaran, C., Kaynia, A.M., and Hack, R. (2007). Soil stability under earthquakes: A sensitivity analysis. 4ICEGE. June 25-28. in review.
6. Haugen, E.D. and Kaynia, A.M. (2008). A comparative study of empirical models for landslide prediction using case histories. Proc. 14th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, 12-17 Oct., Paper 04-02-0022.

Talks and poster presentations

1. Bungum, H., Faleide, J.I., Pettenati, F., Schweitzer, J. and Sirovich, L. (2008). The M 5.4 October 23, 1904, Oslofjord earthquake: Reanalysis based on instrumental and macroseismic data, 39th Nordic Seismology Seminar, Holmen Fjordhotell, Oslo, June 2008.
2. Lang, D.H. and Schwarz, J. (2007): The application of ambient seismic noise for engineering purposes. NATO Advanced Research Workshop 'Increasing Seismic Safety by Combining Engineering Technologies and seismological Data', Dubrovnik, Croatia, September 2007 (extended abstract).
3. Lang, D.H., Molina, S., and Lindholm, C.D. (2007): Towards near-real-time damage estimation using a CSM-based tool for seismic risk assessment. International Symposium on Earthquake Loss Estimation for Turkey (HAZTURK), September 2007, Istanbul, Turkey.
4. Lang, D.H., Molina Palacios, S., and Lindholm, C.D. (2007): The seismic risk and loss assessment tool SELENA and its applicability for (near-)real-time damage estimation. International workshop on seismicity and seismological observations of the Baltic Sea region and adjacent territories, September 10-12, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania.
5. Lang, D.H., Molina, S., Lindholm, C.D. and Gutierrez, V. (2008). The seismic risk and loss assessment tool SELENA - Recent developments and applications, 39th Nordic Seismology Seminar, Holmen Fjordhotell, Oslo, June 2008.
6. Molina-Palacios, S., Galiana-Merino, J.J., Jiménez-Delgado, A., Zaragoza-Martínez, F., Jiménez, M.J., Gimeno-Nieves, E., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008). Seismic risk scenarios for urban areas of Alicante Province (southeast Spain), 14th World Conf. on Earthq. Eng. WCEE, Beijing/China, 2008.
7. Molina, S., Elias, C., Lang, D.H., Lindholm, C.D. (2008): Soil characteristics identification of urban areas in San Salvador (El Salvador) using H/V spectral ratio technique. 31st General Assembly of the European Seismological Commission ESC 2008, Crete, Greece, September 2008.
8. Roth, M. and Blikra, L.H. (2008). Seismic monitoring at the Åknes rock slope, Norway, European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2008, Vienna, Austria, April 2008.

Project reports

1. Harmandar, E. and H. Bungum (2007): Attenuation relationships for ShakeMap applications in Europe. Report for the NERIES (EU) project.
2. Lang, D.H., Lindholm, C.D., and Balan, S. (2007): Seismic risk and loss assessment for a selected study area in Bucharest, Romania. Technical report for the SAFER project, April 2007, 25 pp.
3. Molina, S., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2007): SELENA v1.1 - User and Technical Manual v1.1, February 2007, 45 pp.
4. Molina, S., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2007): SELENA v2.0 - User and Technical Manual v2.0, May 2007, 59 pp.
5. Molina, S., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2007): SELENA v3.0 - User and Technical Manual v3.0, December 2007, 69 pp.
6. Molina, S., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008). SELENA v3.5.1 - User and Technical Manual v3.5.1, May 2008, 69 pp.
7. Molina, S., Lang, D.H., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008). SELENA v4.0 - User and Technical Manual v4.0, October 2008, 85 pp.
8. Lang, D.H., Gutierrez, V., and Lindholm, C.D. (2008). RISe v1.0 - User and Technical Manual v1.0, December 2008, 22 pp.

Stability of rock slopes

Publications

1. Anda, E., Blikra, L.H., & Braathen, A. 2002: The Berill fault - first evidence of neotectonic faulting in southern Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geology (NGT) 82, 175-182.
2. Blikra, L.H., Longva, O., Braathen, A. & Anda, E., Dehls, J. & Stalsberg, K. 2005: Rock-slope failures in Norwegian fjord areas: examples, spatial distribution and temporal pattern. In Evans, S.G., Scarawcia Mugnozza, G., Strom, A.L. & Hermanns, R.L. (eds.), Massive rock slope failure: new models for hazard assessment. Kluwer, Dodrecht (in press).
3. Braathen, A., Blikra, L.H., Berg, S.S. & Karlsen, F. (2004): Rock-slope failures of Norway; type, geometry, deformation mechanisms and stability. Norwegian Journal of Geology (NGT) 84, 67-88.
4. Bhasin, R. and Kaynia, A.M. (2004): Static and Dynamic Simulation of a 700 m High Rock Slope in Western Norway. International Journal of Engineering Geology 71, 213-226.
5. Bhasin, R., Kaynia, A., Blikra, L.H., Braathen, A. & Anda, E. (2004): Insights into the deformation mechanisms of a jointed rock slope subjected to dynamic loading. International Journal of Rock Mechanics &  Mining Sciences. 41
6. Derron, M.H., Jaboyodoff, M, & Blikra, L.H. 2005: Preliminary assessment of rockslide and rockfall hazards using a DEM (Oppstadhornet, Norway). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 5, 285-292.
7. Hermanns, R.L., Blikra, L.H., Naumann, M., Nilen, B., Panthi, K.K., Stromeyer, D. & Longva, O. 2005: Examples of multiple rock-slope collapses from Köfels (Ötz valley, Austria) and western Norway. Engineering Geology (in press).
8. Panthi K. K. and Nilsen B. (in press): Numerical Analysis of Stresses and Displacements for the Tafjord Slide, Norway. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment.

Reports

1. Bhasin, R. 2004: Rock slope failures - Models and risk. Stability analysis of rock slopes. ICG Report 2004-4-2
2. Lindholm, C. 2003: Site-specific hazard for three sites in Northwestern Norway. ICG Report
3. Roth, M. 2003: Report on seismic monitoring of rock slopes. ICG Report
4. Dahle, H. 2004: Analysis of Slope Stability at Opstadhornet (in Norwegian). Master thesis. Dept. of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, NTNU".
5. Domaas, U. 2004: Rock-slope failures - Models and Risk. Monitoring systems: ICG Report 20031093-1

Offshore geohazards

Selected Theses, Publications, and Presentations in ICG-6

1. Kvalstad, T. (2007). What is the current "best practice" in offshore Geohazard Investigations? A State-of-the-Art Review. Offshore Technology Conferene, OTC-18545.
2. L'Heureux, J.-S. (2009). A multidisciplinary study of shoreline landslides: from geological development to geohazard assessment in the bay of Trondheim, Norway. Ph.D. thesis, NTNU.
3. Morgan, E., Vanneste, M., Longva, O., Lecomte, I., McAdoo, B., Baise, L. (2009). Evaluating gas-generated pore pressure with seismic reflection data in a landslide-prone area - an example from Finneidfjord, Norway. Proceedings, 4th International Symposium on Submarine Mass Movements and Their Consequences, Austin (USA), November 2009, pp. 387-398.
4. Polom, U., Hansen, L., Sauvin, G., L¿Heureux, J.-S., Lecomte, I., Krawczyk, C., Vanneste, M., Longva, O. (in press). High-resolution SH-wave reflection seismic for characterization of onshore ground conditions in the Trondheim harbour, central Norway. Near-Surface Geophysics.
5. Strout, J.M., Tjeltja, T.I. (2007). Excess pore pressure measurement and monitoring for offshore instability problems. Offshore Technology Conference, OTC-18706.
6. Socco, L.V., Maraschini, M., Boiero, D., Vanneste, M., Madshus, C., Westerdahl, H., Duffaut, K., Skomedal, E. (revised). On the use of NGI's prototype seabed-coupled shear wave vibrator for shallow soil characterization - Part II: Joint inversion of Love and Scholte waves. Geophysical Journal International.
7. Vanneste, M., Harbitz, C.B., De Blasio, F.V., Glimsdal, S., Mienert, J., Elverhøi, A. (in press). The Hinlopen-Yermak landslide, Arctic Ocean - Geomorphology, Landslide Dynamics and Tsunami Simulations. In The Importance of Mass-Transport Deposits in Deepwater Settings, Eds. Shipp, C., Weimer, P., Posamentier, H., Society of Sedimentary Geology, Special Publication.
8. Vanneste, M., Madshus, C., Socco, L.V., Maraschini, M., Sparrevik, P.M., Westerdahl, H., Duffaut, K., Skomedal, E. (revised). On the use of NGI's prototype seabed-coupled shear wave vibrator for shallow soil characterization - Part I: Acquisition and processing of multi-modal surface waves. Geophysical Journal International.
9. Zakeri, A. (2008). Submarine debris flow impact on pipelines. Ph.D. thesis, University of Oslo.

Slide dynamics

Papers

1. Breien, H., De Blasio, F.V., Elverhøi, A. and Høeg, K.. "Erosion, morphology and dynamics of a debris flow caused by a glacial lake outburst flood."
   2.    Submitted to "Landslides".
2. Breien, H., Elverhøi, A., De Blasio, F., Issler, D.. "Experimental studies of debris flows - fundamentals of submarine vs subaerial dynamics"
3. Abstract submitted to "3. International Symposium on Submarine mass movements and their consequences".
4. Devoli G. (2005) - Collection of data on historical landslides in Nicaragua. In "Landslides, risk Analysis and Sustainable Disaster Management" Sassa K., Fukuoka H., Wang F., Wang G., (eds) proceedings of the First General Assembly of the International Consortium on Landslides (Washington, USA, 12-14 October 2005).
5. Devoli, G., Morales, A., and Høeg K. 2006. Historical landslides in Nicaragua - collection and analysis of data [online]. Landslides. DOI 10.1007/s10346-006-0048-x. Published online 28 July 2006. (ICG publication #126).
6. Devoli G., Strauch W., Chávez G., Høeg K. (2007). A landslide database for Nicaragua: a tool for landslide hazard management [online]. Landslides. DOI 10.1007/s10346-006-0074-8. Published online 9 January 2007. (ICG publication #132)
7. Devoli G., De Blasio F., Elverhøi A., Høeg K., (submitted). Statistical analysis of landslide events in Central America and prediction of run-out distance. Submitted to the Canadian Geotechnical Journal
8. Devoli G., Cepeda J., Kerle N., Høeg K., (In preparation). Geotechnical Modelling of the 1998 Casita volcano flank failure and remaining slope instability.

Presentations

1. Elverhøi, A., De Blasio, F., Issler, D., Nystuen, J. P., Gauer, P., Harbitz, J. B., Marr, J. "Flow, disintegration and lubrication of clay - sandy debris flows. From the laboratory to the field." Held at "AAPG".

Geophysics for Geohazards

Publications

1. Bouillon, A.-L., 2005, Geophysics for geohazards on land: state-of-the-art, case studies and education: Dipl. Eng. Geophysics, University of Strasbourg, ICG Report 2005-T1-1, NGI Report 20051108-1. Download Pdf
2. Fréry, E., 2007, Seismic velocities of the unstable rock slope site at Åknes, Norway, summer job student report, NORSAR/ICG internal document.
3. Lecomte, I., Dietrich, M., Roth, M., Meric, Delarue, C., and Rønning, J.S., 2006. Active and passive seismic at the unstable rock slide of Åknes (Norway), Expanding Abstracts, EAGE Near Surface Annual Meeting, Helsinki, September 4-6.
4. Lecomte, I., 2006, Geophysics for investigation and analyses of large landslides, NORSAR/LGIT Final Report, NFR BILAT # 169822/D15.
5. Lecomte, I., Juliussen, H., Hamran, S.-E., Thollet, I., Bagge-Lund, M., Souche, A., and Sand, M., 2007, Geophysical survey of a terminal moraine in Fjaerland, Norway: looking for ice after a major debris flow in 2004, abstract, 2nd Alexander von Humboldt International Conference, "The Role of Geophysics in Natural Disaster Prevention", Lima, March 5-9.
6. Lecomte, I., Thollet, I., Breien, H., Elverhøi, A., Høeg, K., Juliussen, H., Hamran, S.-E., Bagge-Lund, M., Souche, A., and Sand, M., 2007, Using geophysics on a terminal moraine damming a glacial lake: the Flatbre debris flow case, Western Norway: abstract, EGU General Assembly 2007, Vienna, April 16-20.
7. Lecomte, I., Thollet, I., Juliussen, H., and Hamran, S.-E., 2008, Using geophysics on a terminal moraine damming a glacial lake: the Flatbre debris flow case, Western Norway, Advances in Geosciences, 14, 301-207, ICG contribution 191.
8. Lecomte, I., Bano, M., Hamran, S.-E., Dalsegg, E., Nielsen, K.-M., Holst Nielse, M., Douillet, G., Fréry, E., Guy, A., and Volesky, S., 2008, Submarine slides at Finneidfjord (Norway): geophysical investigations, proceeding, 21st SAGEEP, Philadelphia, April 6-10, ICG Contribution 182.
9. L'Heureux, J.-S., Longva, O., Hansen, L., and Vingerhagen, G., 2007, The 1990 submarine slide outside the Nidelv River mouth, Trondheim, Norway, proceedings, Submarine Mass Movements.
10. Morgan, E., Vanneste, M., Longva, O., Lecomte, I., and Blaise, L., 2008, Using seismic reflection data to investigate free gas in a landslide area: and example from Finneidfjord, Norway, 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, 6-14 August.
11. Morgan, E., Vanneste, M., Longva, O., Lecomte, I., McAdoo, B., and Blaise, L., 2008, Using seismic reflection data to investigate gas-generated pore pressure in a landslide-prone area: and example from Finneidfjord, Norway, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December.
12. Nielsen, K. M., 2008, Seismic surface-wave analysis for the determination of soil shear-strength in sites exposed to landslides, Master Thesis in Geosciences, University of Oslo, June.
13. Nielsen, Holst, M., 2008, Structure and microseismicity of the unstable rock slide at Åknes, Norway, Master Thesis in Geosciences, University of Oslo, December.
14. Polom, U., Hansen, L., L'Heureux, J.-S., Longva, O., Lecomte, I., and Krawczyk, C., 2008, Shear wave reflection seismic surveying in the Trondheim harbour area - imaging of land slide processes, AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, December.
15. Roth, M., Dietrich, M., Blikra, L. H., and Lecomte, I., 2006, Seismic monitoring at the unstable rock slope site at Åknes, Norway, Expanded Abstracts, SAGEEP 2006 19th Annual Meeting, ICG contribution No. 110, Seattle, WA, April 2-6.
16. Solberg, I.L. 2007: Geological, geomorphological and geophysical investigations of areas prone to clay slides: Examples from Buvika, Mid Norway. PhD thesis. Department of Geology and Mineral Resources Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 213 pp.
17. Solberg, I.-L., Rønning, J. S., Dalsegg, E., Hansen, L., Rokoengen, K., and Sandven, R., 2008, Resistivity measurements as a tool for outlining quick-clay extent and valley-fill stratigraphy: a feasibility study from Buvika, central Norway, Can. Geotech. J., 45, 210-225.
18. Vanneste, M., Westerdahl, H., Sparrevik, P., Madshus, C., Lecomte, I., Zühlsdorff, L., 2007, Shear-Wave Source for Offshore Geohazard Studies: A Pilot Project to Improve Seismic Resolution and Better Constrain the Shear Strength of Marine Sediments, proceeding, 2007, Offshore Technology Conference, Houston, 30 April-3 May.

Other conferences and talks

1. Dietrich, M., Lecomte, I., Méric, O., Roth, M., Doré, F., Guiguet, R., de Barros, L., Grasso, J.-R., and Orengo, Y., 2006, Åknes 2005 campaign: refraction seismics and IHR microseismic network, Åknes/Tafjord Workshop, NGU, Trondheim, Norway, 20-21 February.
2. Lecomte, I., and Bouillon, A.-L., 2005, Field course in hydrogeology: an introduction to seismic refraction and GPR, June, Bø.
3. Lecomte, I., 2005, Geophysics for Geohazards: From deep to shallow Structures, Oslo Society of Exploration Geophysicist meeting, June, Oslo.
4. Lecomte, I., and Bouillon, A.-L., 2005, Field course in hydrogeology: an introduction to seismic refraction and GPR, June, Bø.
5. Lecomte, I., 2007, Offshore geohazards and oil exploration/production, invited lecturer, Geophyse Days, EOST, University of Strasbourg, November 22.
6. Roth, M., Larsen, P., Fyen, J., Schøyen, N., Gjøystdal, K., Zuehlsdorff, L., Døhli, V., Baadshaug, U., Lecomte, I., Dietrich, M., and Jogerud, K., 2006, Passice seismic monitoring at Åknes - Status Report, Åknes/Tafjord Workshop, NGU, Trondheim, Norway, 20-21 February.
7. Sauvin, G., and Cleave, R., Rauberget Early Warning System, Geophysical Measurements, Summer Campaign 2008, ICG report 2008-T1-1, NGI Report 20071067-2.

GIT applications in geohazards

Relevant bibliography

1. Devoli G., 2005. Collection of data on historical landslides in Nicaragua. In ¿Landslides, risk Analysis and Sustainable Disaster Management¿ Sassa K., Fukuoka H., Wang F., Wang G., (eds) proceedings of the First General Assembly of the International Consortium on Landslides (Washington, USA, 12-14 October 2005).
2. Devoli G., Morales A., Høeg K. (submitted): Historical landslides in Nicaragua - collection and analysis of data. Submitted to Landslides.
3. Devoli G., Chavez G., Blanco R., 2005. Landslide database for Nicaragua and its use. Geophysical Research Abstracts Vol. 7, 04157. European Geosciences Union 2005 (Poster)
4. Devoli G., Romstad B., (in preparation). National landslide database for Nicaragua: a tool for landslide hazard assessment (preliminary title)
5. Devoli G., DeBlasio F., Elverhøi A.,(in preparation). Statistical analysis on landslide events in Nicaragua (preliminary title)
6. Harbitz, Carl B et al, 2004. Tsunami modelling and prediction. Pre project: Slide-generated waves in reservoirs. ICG Report 10-2004-1. International Centre for Geohazards. Oslo, Norway. 88pp
7. Kääb, A. (2005): Remote sensing of mountain glaciers and permafrost creep. Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie. 48, 266 pages.
8. Kääb, A. , Huggel, C., Fischer, L., Guex, S., Paul, F., Roer, I., Salzmann, N., Schlaefli, S., Schmutz, K., Schneider, D., Strozzi, T., and Weidmann, Y. (2005): Remote sensing of glacier- and permafrost-related hazards in high mountains: an overview. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science. 5, 527-554.
9. Kääb, A., Reynolds, J.M. and Haeberli, W. (2005): Glacier and permafrost hazards in high mountains. In: Huber, U.M., Bugmann, H.K.M., Reasoner, M.A. (eds.), Global Change and Mountain Regions (A State of Knowledge Overview). Springer, Dordrecht. 225-234.
10. Huggel C., S. Zgraggen-Oswald, W. Haeberli1, A. Kääb, A. Polkvoj, I. Galushkin, and S. G. Evans (2005): The 2002 rock/ice avalanche at Kolka/Karmadon, Russian Caucasus: assessment of extraordinary avalanche formation and mobility, and application of QuickBird satellite imagery. Natural Hazards and Earth System Science. 5, 173-187.
11. Huggel C., A. Kääb and N. Salzmann. (2004): GIS-based modeling of glacial hazards and their interactions using Landsat-TM and IKONOS imagery. Norwegian Journal of Geography. 58. 61-73.
12. Nadim, F., Gregoire, A.S., Rodriguez, C., and Peduzzi, P. (2004): Global landslide and avalanche hotspots: First-order identification of global slide and avalanche hotspots. Norwegian Geotechnical Institute (NGI), Report no. 20021613-1.
13. Nadim, F., O. Kjekstad, P. Peduzzi, C. Herold, C. Jædicke (2006) Global landslide and avalanche hotspots. Accepted for publication in "Landslides", Publisher: Springer-Verlag. Online version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-006-0036-1
14. Romstad, R. and Etzelmüller, B. (under revision): Automatic landform mapping using a combined segmentation-classification approach. Geomorphology.
15. Salzmann N., A. Kääb, C. Huggel, B. Allgöwer and W. Haeberli. (2004): Assessment of the hazard potential of ice avalanches using remote sensing and GIS-modelling. Norwegian Journal of Geography. 58. 74-84.

Prevention and mitigation

1. DiBiagio, E.B.D. & Kjekstad, O. 2007. Early Warning, Instrumentation and Monitoring Landslides. 2nd Regional Training Course, RECLAIM II, 29th January - 3rd February 2007.
2. Karlsrud, K., Bungum, H., Harbitz, C.B., Løvholt, F., Vangelsten, B.V. & Glimsdal, S. 2006. Strategy for re-construction in Thailand following the 26 December 2004 tsunami event, in: International Conference on Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation & Rehabilitation, edited by: Chu, J., Phoon, K.K. & Yong, K., Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 6: 1-19.